[ARFC] Onboard PT-USDG-28MAY2026 to Aave V3 Core Instance

Author: Aave Labs
Date: March 25, 2026

Summary

This ARFC proposes to onboard PT-USDG-28MAY2026 to the Aave V3 Core Instance on Ethereum.

Motivation

We propose onboarding PT-USDG-28MAY2026 to the Aave V3 Core Instance.

This PT token is attractive because the underlying asset is USDG, issued by Paxos, a highly regulated financial institution. This gives the market a dollar-denominated base asset with a straightforward reference point. A listing would allow users holding this Pendle maturity to access borrowing liquidity on Aave against that position, extending the utility of an already live market on Ethereum.

The relevant Pendle market is already live, which allows the asset to be evaluated against observable market activity rather than hypothetical demand. Where demand scales, onboarding can allow Aave to capture additional collateral usage and related borrowing activity around this maturity.

The underlying yield of PT-USDG has three components: a NIM rate pass-through, Paxos-denominated incentives, and PENDLE incentives. As a GDN member, Paxos passes yield to Pendle, which distributes it to YT holders via the Pendle Dashboard. PT holders capture this yield implicitly through the fixed discount at which PT is acquired, redeemable at par upon maturity.

Specification

Asset: PT-USDG-28MAY2026
Network: Ethereum
Pendle Market: USDG May 2026 Expiry
PT token address: 0x9db38D74a0D29380899aD354121DfB521aDb0548
Pendle market address: 0xc5b32dba5f29f8395fb9591e1a15f23a75214f33
Underlying asset: USDG
Underlying asset address: 0xe343167631d89b6ffc58b88d6b7fb0228795491d
Maturity: May 28, 2026

Risk Parameters

This proposal will be updated with initial risk parameters once provided by Risk Service Providers.

Useful Links

Pendle market: https://app.pendle.finance/trade/markets/0xc5b32dba5f29f8395fb9591e1a15f23a75214f33/swap?view=pt&chain=ethereum&tab=book
USDG overview: https://docs.paxos.com/guides/stablecoin/usdg

Disclaimer

Aave Labs is not directly affiliated with Pendle or Paxos and did not receive compensation for creating this proposal.

Next Steps

Publish an ARFC Snapshot to continue gathering community and Service Provider feedback.

If the ARFC Snapshot outcome is YAE, publish an AIP with risk parameters and supporting analysis.

Copyright

Copyright and related rights waived under CC0.

Summary

LlamaRisk supports listing PT-USDG-28MAY2026 on the Aave V3 Core instance. At the time of this analysis, the asset has approximately 59 days remaining until maturity, justifying the integration efforts.

The May maturity Pendle pool has accumulated ~$74M in liquidity since its deployment on February 23, 2026. This would be the first PT-USDG listing on Aave.

Assessment of PT base asset: Link

Assessment of Pendle PTs: Link

Considered PT asset maturities: PT-USDG-28MAY2026

Asset Growth

USDG (Global Dollar) is a fully reserved, US dollar-pegged stablecoin issued by Paxos Digital Singapore (regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore) and Paxos Issuance Europe (supervised under the EU Markets in Crypto-Assets regulation). The token is backed 1:1 by cash deposits and short-dated US Treasury instruments held in segregated reserve accounts. USDG is non-yield-bearing by design; yield is passed through to holders via the Pendle PT structure.

As of March 30, 2026, USDG circulating supply across all chains stands at ~$1.70B, up from ~$352M at launch in July 2025. On Ethereum, the total supply is ~$450M. The supply trajectory has been consistently upward, with notable acceleration since January 2026.


Source: LlamaRisk, March 30, 2026

Underlying Stability

USDG derives its value from Paxos-managed reserves consisting of cash deposits (T+0 liquid), US government securities with 3 months or less maturity, overcollateralized reverse repos, and institutional stable NAV money market funds (weighted average maturity of 60 days or less). Monthly reserve attestation reports are published by Enrome LLP, an independent Singapore-based firm.

The market price of USDG remains tightly pegged close to $1 (~$0.9999), with no material deviations observed via the Chainlink USDG/USD price feed. The maximum daily discount recorded is approximately 0.14%, representing stable peg behavior since the feed’s inception.

Source: LlamaRisk (Chainlink Price Feeds), March 30, 2026

Underlying Yield Source

USDG itself does not generate yield. For PT-USDG, the fixed yield is implied by purchasing the principal token at a discount to its notional $1 face value and redeeming it 1:1 for USDG at maturity. The discount accretes to par over time following the standard Pendle PT structure, while the floating component is stripped out to the corresponding yield token (YT).

Pendle reports the underlying USDG yield at 3.09%, which reflects the yield component distributed through the Global Dollar Network (GDN) to participating platforms.

Market Analysis

Total Supply

The SY-USDG (Standardized Yield) wrapper, which represents the total USDG deposited into the Pendle system for the May 2026 maturity, currently holds ~95.0M USDG. The wrapper saw rapid growth from near-zero in late February to over 100M by mid-March 2026, stabilizing around 95M thereafter.


Source: LlamaRisk, March 30, 2026

Pool Composition

As of March 30, 2026, the composition of the PT-USDG-28MAY2026 pool is as follows:

  • Total Liquidity: ~$74,008,723
  • SY-USDG: 59,666,934 (80.5%)
  • PT-USDG: 14,466,900 (19.5%)


Source: LlamaRisk (Pendle), March 30, 2026

Price and Yield

The implied yield for PT-USDG-28MAY2026 reflects the market’s discount rate on the underlying USDG.

The PT implied yield has stabilized around 5.38%, while the underlying USDG yield sits at ~3.09%. This spread of ~229 bps represents the market premium for locking in a fixed rate over the 59-day period to maturity.


Source: LlamaRisk, March 30, 2026

The LP base APY currently stands at 4.90%, with a max boosted APY of 10.64% for vePENDLE (vote-escrowed PENDLE) holders. LP yields have compressed as pool TVL grew from under $1M to $74M, consistent with expected pool dynamics.


Source: LlamaRisk, March 30, 2026

As of this review (59 days to maturity), the implied yields are:

  • PT-USDG-28MAY2026: ~5.38% Fixed APY
  • Underlying USDG yield: ~3.09%

Yield Spread and Incentive Structure

The ~229 bps spread between the PT implied yield (5.38%) and the underlying USDG yield (3.09%) is largely attributable to YT-exclusive reward incentives distributed through Pendle’s portal incentive and co-bribe mechanisms. As of this review, the YT extra rewards are:

Source Token APY
Portal incentive USDG 3.10%
Co-bribe PENDLE 0.83%

The total YT incentive is approximately 3.93%, distributed as fixed weekly amounts (21,000 USDG and 5,077 PENDLE for the week of March 26 to April 2, 2026). These incentives increase YT demand, which in turn pushes PT pricing to a wider discount and thus a higher implied yield.


Source: LlamaRisk, March 31, 2026

Because the weekly reward amounts are fixed in absolute terms, the YT reward APR is inversely proportional to YT notional outstanding. Significant inflows could dilute the per-unit reward, compress YT demand, and narrow the PT implied yield.

Pool Parameters

The pool has the following parameters on Pendle:

PT-USDG-28MAY2026

  • Maturity: 28 May 2026 (59 days remaining)
  • Liquidity Yield Range: 3% - 17%
  • Input Tokens: USDG
  • Swap Fee APY: 0.02%
  • Pendle Reward APY: 0.53%
  • Aggregated LP APY: 4.90%
  • Maker Fee: 0%
  • Taker Fee: 0.11% (via AMM) / 0.14% (via Orderbook)

Integrated Venues

PT-USDG-28MAY2026 has been integrated on Morpho, with 3 active markets available.


Source: Morpho, USDG Markets, March 30, 2026

Recommendations

Market Parameters Recommendation

We are aligning the risk parameter recommendations for the PT-USDG-28MAY2026 listing with @ChaosLabs. The exact listing parameters will, therefore, be presented at the AIP stage.

Price Feed Recommendation

For pricing PT-USDG-28MAY2026 on Aave, the dynamic linear discount rate oracle developed by BGD Labs is recommended. The oracle would price the PT as a zero-coupon bond against the BGD’s FixedPriceAdapter, applying a linear discount that decays to par at maturity.

Disclaimer

This review was independently prepared by LlamaRisk, a DeFi risk service provider funded in part by the Aave DAO. LlamaRisk did not receive compensation from the protocol(s) or their affiliated entities for this work. The information should not be construed as legal, financial, tax, or professional advice.

The ARFC to Onboard PT-USDG-28MAY2026 has been raised to snapshot. Voting will begin in 24 hours. You may vote here.

Parameters will be provided in the AIP.

Overview

Chaos Labs supports the listing of PT-USDG-28MAY2026 on the Aave v3 Ethereum instance. As USDG is currently listed on Aave v3 as a borrowable asset, the following analysis will not explore the underlying asset’s structure and will focus solely on the implications of listing its Pendle principal token as an E-Mode-limited collateral. We hereby propose risk parameters for PT-USDG-28MAY2026, including recommended initialDiscountRatePerYear and maxDiscountRatePerYear values based on the dynamic linear discount rate oracle methodology described here. The recommended parameters are built on top of our Principal Token Risk Oracle framework, outlined in detail here.

Risk Oracle Parameter Evolution

Through rigorous quantification of the algorithm, we find that the integration risk of PT-USDG decays as the token approaches maturity. This dynamic justifies using increasingly efficient risk parameters over time. As USDG is a fiat-backed stablecoin with a 1:1 USD peg maintained by Paxos, the terminal risk profile of the principal token converges to that of the underlying stablecoin itself. We project the evolution of the LT, LTV, and LB, with the initial parameterization approximately as follows LTV: 93.5%, LT: 95.5%, LB: 2%

Discount Rates

Based on the observed data and pricing dynamics of the market, our initial recommendations for the discount rate parameters are as follows: initialDiscountRatePerYear : 5.12%, maxDiscountRatePerYear : 18.82%

Supply Cap

Given the dynamics underlying the expansion of the liquidity profile in Pendle’s PT/SY AMM Pool, along with the relatively recent listing of the asset on Pendle, we view the liquidity depth as sufficient for meaningful supply caps. The plot below represents the amount of liquidity available under 3% price impact as the market approaches expiry, given the current liquidity distribution in the AMM. With the maturity of the market, the price impact associated with swapping PT becomes less extreme. With higher market maturity, the costs associated with executing sell orders of the asset compress; this trend is especially pronounced for the assets with lower scalarRoot values, which imply greater expected implied yield fluctuations, and such tokens tend to exhibit greater liquidity concentration variance. As shown in the chart below, the AMM can currently facilitate swaps worth $60M of tokens at a relatively conservative 3% slippage.

Additionally, both the PT and SY liquidity profiles in the AMM have recently expanded, reaching 60 and 17 million tokens, respectively. Given the currently observed liquidity dynamics, the Pendle AMM presents as a reliable venue for routing potential liquidations under high stress market conditions.

Pricing

Pricing of USDG’s principal token presents a unique tradeoff. Specifically, as USDG is currently priced on Aave V3 Ethereum using a fixed 1 USD anchor, the choice of the underlying ASSET_TO_USD_AGGREGATOR within the PendlePriceCapAdapter carries substantial implications for user experience and protocol solvency under market stress.

If the USDG principal token is priced using the same anchored price as the borrowable USDG asset, borrowers would not be subject to liquidations stemming from secondary market volatility. However, the anchored oracle cannot trigger liquidations when the underlying depegs, which increases the bad debt risk. Consider the PT-USDG at maturity, where the risk oracle converges to approximately LT: 96%, LB: 1%. At this point, a user can borrow 0.96 USDT against 1 PT-USDG, with the oracle valuing both at par. If USDG trades at $0.95 on the secondary market, the collateral is worth $0.95 in real terms while the USDT debt retains its full $0.96 dollar value. The position valued at the market prices of the assets would be technically insolvent unless USDG restores its peg.

On the other hand, if the principal asset’s base (non-discounted) price is configured as market, negative secondary price deviations would result in asymmetric liquidations, as the USDG debt side would still be valued at par with the intended peg. Given the expected high leverage in the market, temporary secondary market price deviations could trigger liquidations on positions that are fundamentally healthy.

In order to provide a quantitative basis for the selection of the price feed, we present the empirical dislocations of the USDG/USD Chainlink price feed against the intended peg of $1. As can be observed, since September 2025 the oracle has dislocated by more than 10 basis points only 3 times, with peak deviations of 27, 29.5, and 29 basis points, while the average dislocation was limited to 5 basis points.

Given the risk of underpricing of the underlying component of the principal token, we recommend pricing PT-USDG-28MAY2026 with an anchored USD feed, analogous to the configuration of USDG, as the base price within the PendlePriceCapAdapter. Such configuration is prompted by relatively low USDG liquidity both on-chain and on centralized venues. To mitigate the residual depeg risk associated with the anchored feed, we recommend implementing a Proof of Reserve feed or a freezing mechanism at a later stage.

Specification

Parameter Value
Asset PT-USDG-28MAY2026
Isolation Mode No
Borrowable No
Collateral Enabled No
Supply Cap 80,000,000
Borrow Cap -
Debt Ceiling -
LTV -
LT -
Liquidation Bonus -
Liquidation Protocol Fee 10.00%
E-Mode Category PT-USDG Stablecoins

Initial E-Mode Risk Oracle

Parameter Value
E-Mode Stablecoins
LTV 93.5%
LT 95.5%
LB 2.0%

Linear Discount Rate Oracle

Parameter Value
initialDiscountRatePerYear 5.12%
maxDiscountRatePerYear 18.82%

PT-USDG Stablecoins E-mode

Asset PT-USDG-28MAY2026 USDT USDe USDC USDG
Collateral Yes No No No No
Borrowable No Yes Yes Yes Yes
LTV Subject to Risk Oracle - - - -
LT Subject to Risk Oracle - - - -
Liquidation Bonus Subject to Risk Oracle - - - -

Disclaimer

Chaos Labs has not been compensated by any third party for publishing this recommendation.

Copyright

Copyright and related rights waived via CC0

The AIP to Onboard PT-USDG-28MAY2026 to Aave V3 Core has been raised. Voting will begin in 24 hours. You may vote here.